MD Empiricism and its limitations

From: Scott Roberts (jse885@earthlink.net)
Date: Mon Nov 08 2004 - 19:56:38 GMT

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    DMB et al (Mark SH, this also has relevance to our MOQ/MOC discussion),

    (I've changed the subject line -- was On Faith)

    > Marsha asked Scott:
    > What is your objection to a secular view?
    >
    > Scott answered:
    > That it doesn't recognize non-empirical reality, that as a result it is
    > depraved (what Buddhists call fundamental ignorance, Christians call
    > original sin, and what I tend to call original insanity). We know
    something
    > is fundamentally wrong with us, but the secular viewpoint only offers
    drugs
    > to mask that wrongness, not cure it: material success, sports, TV, etc.
    >
    > dmb says:
    > I feel your pain, but the spiritual emptiness of materialism is part of
    what
    > Pirsig is targeting. Its that mechanical rabbit and the lonely isolated
    ego
    > and all that. And yet Pirsig's solution does not require us to "recognize
    > non-empirical reality".
    <skip>

    [Scott:] Except for the question of the empirical (see below) , and your
    facile dismissal of faith as consisting solely of "belief in falsehoods", I
    agree with all this. For most, religion is a drug, but for others, it is
    the way to get beyond all addictions.

    But here we run into our other disagreement, which ties in with the
    question of "non-empirical reality". That disagreement is that for you and
    Pirsig, mysticism is about going beyond intellect, while for me it is about
    working through intellect to Intellect. In explaining this, what I mean by
    non-empirical reality will come out.

    From the Copleston Annotations:

    [Copleston, on Coleridge:] Reason, however, is the vehicle of ideas which
    are presupposed by all experience, and in this sense it predetermines and
    governs experience. It also perceives truths which are incapable of
    verification in sense-experience, and it intuitively apprehends spiritual
    realities.
    [Pirsig:] The MOQ denies this. Reason grows out of experience and is never
    independent from it.

    As an immediate counter-example, there is mathematics. Mathematics is
    non-empirical reality. But to get into this more, here are some quotes from
    Franklin Merrell-Wolff (all taken from the chapter "A Mystical Unfoldment"
    from Philosophy of Consciousness Without an Object, reprinted in Experience
    and Philosophy):

    [Merrell-Wolff] "Ultimately [in his readings of mystical methods], I found
    one oriental Sage with whose thought and temperament I felt a high degree
    of sympathetic rapport. This Sage was the Vedantic philosopher known as
    Shankara. I found myself in striking agreement with the more fundamental
    phases of his thought and quite willing to apply the highly intellectual
    technique that he had charted. It was in this Sage's writings that I
    finally found the means that were effective in producing the
    transformation I sought."

    "I had attained an intellectual grasp of the vitally important fact that
    transcendent consciousness differs from our ordinary consciousness in the
    primary respect that that it is a state of consciousness wherein the
    disjunction between the subject to consciousness and the object of
    consciousness is destroyed."

    [I'll insert here a remark of Coleridge's, that mathematical "objects" are
    "acts of the imagination that are one with the product of those acts", that
    is, there is no subject/object distinction in mathematical thought. No
    thinking about something else, but where the thinking is the "something
    else".]

    "I readily realized that if pure subjectivity, or the bare power to be
    aware, was a permanent or unchanging element and therefore must, as a
    consequence, stand outside of time and be unaffected by any history, then
    it must be, of necessity, immortal." [Later, he reconciles this with the
    Buddhist anatman doctrine -- see last quote. Also note that by "immortal"
    he just means "standing outside of time", not lasting forever in time.]

    "While, in addition to the principles or facts just discussed [the
    preceding two quotes], there are a number of other statements relative to
    the transcendent that can be found in the literature, yet, in my judgement,
    the recognition of these is all that is absolutely essential to prepare the
    understanding for the Transcendental Awakening. There principles or facts
    are clearly of noetic value, and they can be appreciated quite apart from
    any affective transformation that may be associated with the arousing of
    transcendental apperception. In fact, it may be entirely possible that a
    sufficently concentrated meditation upon the inner significance of these
    principles might prove an efficient means for effecting the transformation
    without the aid of any other subsidiary factor. However, they were not the
    sole factors that were operative in my experience, though they occupied the
    position of first importance."

    "The ordinary technique [to dissolve ego] is the practice of practical
    altruism until personal self-consideration sinks well into the background.
    But this is not the only means that effects this result. A desire for the
    transcendent Self and a love of universals also tend toward the required
    melting of the egoistic feeling. In this part of my discipline, I found
    that my already established love of mathematics and philosophy was an aid
    of radical importance that, supplemented by more tangible practices,
    finally produced the requisite degree of melting."

    "...it suddenly dawned upon me that a common error in meditation -- and one
    which I had been making right along -- lay in the seeking of a subtle
    object or experience. Now, an object or an experience, no matter how
    subtle, remains a phenomenal time-space existence and therefore is other
    than the supersensible substantiality."

    [The following is one of several effects noticed after his first Awakening.]
    "3. There is a sense of enormous *depth penetration* with two phases barely
    distinguishable during this first phase of insight. The first phase is
    highly noetic but superconceptual. [Footnote: By "superconceptual" I mean
    beyond the the form of all possible concepts that can be clothed in words.
    However, the nature of this knowledge is nearer to that of our purest
    concepts than it is to perceptual consciousness.] I had awareness of a kind
    of thought of such an enormous degree of abstraction and universality that
    it was barely discernible as being of noetic character. If we were to
    regard our most abstract concepts as being of the nature of tangible
    bodies, containing a hidden but substantial meaning, then this transcendent
    thought would be of the nature of the meaning without the conceptual
    embodiment. It is the compacted essence of thought, the "sentences" of
    which would require entire lifetimes for their elaboration in objective
    form and yet remain unexhausted at the conclusion of such effort. In my
    relative consciousness, I knew that I KNEW in cosmical proportions.
    However, no brain substance could be so refined as to be capable of
    attunement to the grand cosmical tread of those Thoughts."

    "Associated with the transcendent Life-force, there is a very curious kind
    of *cognition*. It is not the more familiar analytic kind of intellection.
    To me, this development has proved of especial interest, for by temperament
    and training my mental action, heretofore, has been predominantly analytic.
    Now analysis achieves its results through a laborious and painful
    dissection of given raw material from experience and a reintegration by
    means of *invented* concepts applied hypothetically. This gives only
    external relations and definitely involves "distance" between the concept
    and the object it denotes. But there is another kind of intellection in
    which the concept is born spontaneously and has a curious identity with its
    object. The Life-force either brings to birth in the mind the concepts
    without conscious intellectual labor or moves in parallelism with such
    birth. Subsequently, when these concepts are viewed analytically and
    critically, I find them almost invariably peculiarly correct. In fact, they
    generally suggest correlations that are remarkably clarifying and have
    enabled me to check my insight with the recognition of others.
    "Undoubtedly, this cognitive process is a phase of what has been called by
    many "intuition". For my part, however, I do not find this term wholly
    satisfactory, because "intuition" has been given a number of meanings that
    are not applicable to this kind of cognition. Accordingly, I have invented
    a term that seems much more satisfactory. I call it "Knowledge through
    Identity". As it is immediate knowledge, it is intuitive in the broad
    sense, but as it is highly noetic, it is to be distinguished from other
    forms of immediate awareness that are largely, if not wholly,
    non-cognitive.There are intuitive types of awareness that are quite
    alogical, and, therefore, such that they do not lead to logical development
    from out their own nature. In contrast, Knowledge through Identity is
    potentially capable of expansive development of the type characteristic of
    pure mathematics....Knowledge through Identity is not to be regarded as an
    analytic extraction from experience, but rather as a Knowledge that is
    original and coextensive with a Recognizable, but nonexperiential, Reality.
    It is capable of rendering experience intelligible, but is not itself
    dependent upon experience."

    [N.b. This is what Coleridge means by Reason, which he contrasts to
    understanding, or analytic thought.]

    "During the day preceding the final Recognition, I had been busy writing
    and my mind was exceptionally clear and acute. In fact, the intellectual
    energy was of an unusual degree of intensity. The mood was decidedly one of
    intellectual assertion and dominance. This feature is interesting for the
    reason that it is precisely the state of mind that ordinarily would be
    regarded as least favorable for the "breaking through" to mystical modes of
    consciousness."

    "Abstract ideas cease to be artificial derivatives from a particularized
    expereince, but are transformed into a sort of universal substantiality."

    "While in the State, I was particularly impressed with the fact that the
    logical principle of contradiction simply had no relevancy. It would not be
    correct to say that this principle was violated, but rather, that it had no
    application. For to isolate any phase of the State was to be immediately
    aware of the opposite phase as the necessary complementary part of the
    first. Thus the attempt of self-conscious thought to isolate anything
    resulted in the immediate initiation of a sort of flow in the very essence
    of consciousness itself, so that the nascent isolation was transformed into
    its opposite as co-partner in a timeless reality."

    [Which Coleridge refers to as "polarity", and Nishida as "logic of
    contradictory identity"]

    "I feel myself closer to universals than to the particulars given through
    experience, the latter occupying an essentially derivative position and
    being only of instrumental value, significant solely as implements for the
    arousing of self-consciousness. As a consequence, my ultimate philosophic
    outlook cannot be comprehended within the forms that assume time, the
    subject-object relationship, and experience as original and irreducible
    constants of consciousness or reality. At the same time, although I find
    the Self to be an element of consciousness of more fundamental importance
    than the foregoing three, yet in the end it, also, is reduced to a
    derivative position in a more ultimate Reality."

    [Scott:] In sum, you can choose to stick to the limited empirical
    viewpoint, with its limited view of mysticism, or you can choose to
    understand that Merrell-Wolff has rediscovered what Plotinus and others
    mean by Intellect as prior to empirical reality. In my opinion, the MOQ can
    be expanded into a more adequate philosophy by these kind of insights.

    - Scott

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