Re: MD Begging the Question, Moral Intuitions, and Answering the Nazi, Part II

From: David MOREY (us@divadeus.freeserve.co.uk)
Date: Sun Oct 12 2003 - 19:28:48 BST

  • Next message: MATTHEW PAUL KUNDERT: "Re: MD Begging the Question, Moral Intuitions, and Answering the Nazi, Part III"

    Matt says:To bring this question through one last twist, one last spin of
    the hermeneutical wheel, I will offer the most compelling reason I've found
    to believe that Pirsig thinks that the Nazi should be compelled to play our
    game. It hinges on the acquisition of our moral intuitions and hence, as
    everyone might guess, on Dynamic Quality.

    Yes it does, because having a morality assumes DQ/freedom and so if a
    morality using SOM ignores this
    it is inconsistent and poorly thought-out/reasoned. The big problem with SOM
    is what it does to
    morality, and how we lose sight of the vast aspects of our experience that
    is not to do with
    what can be taken as objects. And we start to treat people as
    functions/objects. And the world
    also becomes just another piece of equipment. But there are always aporias
    in our vocabularies that
    demonstarte their lack, that experience is not fully grasped by them, and
    hence we (if we seek truth)
    can always find a way of moving on to another vocabulary, and hopefully one
    that has less aporias.

    regards
    David M

    ----- Original Message -----
    From: "MATTHEW PAUL KUNDERT" <mpkundert@students.wisc.edu>
    To: "MoQ" <moq_discuss@moq.org>
    Sent: Saturday, October 11, 2003 9:28 PM
    Subject: MD Begging the Question, Moral Intuitions, and Answering the Nazi,
    Part II

    > The empire strikes back,
    >
    >
    > Answering the Nazi
    > --------------------------
    >
    > What I would like to bring out of Pirsig's texts is how Pirsig seems to
    want to usurp the rhetoric of the "hard" sciences as paradigms of
    argumentation, that Pirsig seems to want to make morals arguable. Whether,
    in the end, Pirsig does want to make the Nazi answerable, I think, is still
    left open.
    >
    > To do this, I would like to use the example of the Nazi as the paradigm
    case of a morally corrupted individual. For our purposes, the case of the
    Nazi is only interesting if he is a _convinced_ Nazi, as convinced of the
    morality of Nazism as we are convinced of its immorality, and a
    _sophisticated_ philosopher, as sophisticated in the art of argumentation
    and rhetoric as we are. What many individuals want is a knock-down, logical
    argument, the force of which would, if the Nazi were to remain a sane,
    logical interlocuter, demand that the Nazi recant his erroneous ways.
    >
    > Rorty's reply to such a request is that "there is no neutral, common
    ground to which an experienced Nazi philosopher and I can repair in order to
    argue out our differences. That Nazi and I will always strike one another
    as begging all the crucial questions, arguing in circles." (p. 15, PSH)
    Rorty says that we cannot answer the Nazi because we do not hold enough of
    the relevant premises in common to have an argument in which our arguments
    and his arguments are engageable, answerable in terms we both would
    recognize as good, sufficient, and relevant.
    >
    > It has been pointed out on many occasions that Pirsig has this to say
    about morality and pragmatism: "James would probably have been horrified to
    find that Nazis could use his pragmatism just as freely as anyone else, but
    Phaedrus didn't see anything that would prevent it. But he thought that the
    Metaphysics of Quality's classification of static patterns of good prevents
    this kind of debasement." People have tried to say that this makes the MoQ
    impossible for the Nazi to use, that, in effect, you can answer the Nazi by
    using the MoQ.
    >
    > There are several problems with Pirsig's analysis of pragmatism and the
    Nazis. For one, the reason why pragmatism appears to be cooptable is
    because pragmatism only makes a negative point about the state of
    philosophy, it makes no positive contributions to our discourse about
    literature, morality, or politics. James would not have been horrified at
    the cooptation of his _philosophy_ because James held too much in common
    with Nietzsche. What protected James from the Nazi was his American
    _politics_, not his philosophy. It was his Whitmanian faith in democracy
    and plurality that confronted the Nazi. This, however, isn't the problem I
    want to focus on, so I will not attend to the various arguments and
    counters.
    >
    > The second problem is that I see no reason to think that a sophisticated
    Nazi philosopher could not co-opt the MoQ just as easily as an American
    rhetoric teacher. Just as a sophisticated rhetoric teacher can redescribe
    the history of philosophy in terms of Quality, so can a sophisticated Nazi
    redescribe a metaphysical system and tailor it to fit his needs. The
    problem with metaphysical systems, with philosophy in general, is that it is
    too _general_. When you have a systematic _moral_ hierarchy of Dynamic
    Quality, intellectual static patterns, social static patterns, biological
    static patterns, and inorganic static patterns, what's to stop the Nazi from
    describing Jews as no more than animals, the fascist state as being the most
    evolved government, Alfred Rosenberg's "blood, race, and soil"
    interpretation of the MoQ as the greatest philosophical achievement, and
    Adolf Hitler the great brujo of our generation? As far as I can see, as
    long as we stay at generalities, nothi
    > ng.
    >
    > What stops the Nazi is concretizing the MoQ, defining the terms of the MoQ
    so that democracy is the greatest government and freedom the greatest
    intellectual achievement. However, this creates the third problem of
    reading Pirsig as _answering_ the Nazi: if we insist on our definitions of
    the MoQ, we beg the question in our favor over the Nazi. In effect, we
    don't answer him, we merely exclude him from our conversation. In fact,
    when we look closely, it isn't clear that Pirsig is saying that the MoQ
    _answers_ the Nazi. He says that the MoQ "prevents this kind of
    debasement", meaning that the way the MoQ should be interpreted prevents the
    Nazi from arguing for his own morals, in other words, it excludes him from
    continuing the conversation in terms he would use. It stops him cold and
    causes him to reply, "Well, have it your way. I refuse to enter the arena."
    >
    > But it certainly seems like Pirsig wants to answer the Nazi. The problem
    is that Pirsig seems to want to say that we can argue about morals, that
    _reason_ in the Platonic, dialectical sense, is something that should not be
    divorced from morals. In ZMM, Pirsig felt that the solution to the
    Platonic, SOM mess was "a new philosophy ... a new spiritual rationality--in
    which the ugliness and the loneliness and the spiritual blankness of
    dualistic technological reason would become illogical." (p. 368, Ch. 29)
    Pirsig wants to erect a new philosophy, a new rationality, a new _five-step
    deductive proof_ in which, with our new assumptions in tow like how Quality
    comes before subjects and objects, we can _argue_ with people about morals
    and art. "Reason and Quality had become separated and in conflict with each
    other" (p. 368) and Pirsig wants to bring them back together.
    >
    > Pirsig continues his cooptation of an argumentative model of morality in
    his rhetoric in Lila by usurping the rhetoric of the sciences. On page p.
    183, Ch. 19 he says, "it is absolutely, scientifically moral for a doctor to
    prefer a patient. ... We're at last dealing with morals on the basis of
    reason. We can now deduce codes based on evolution that analyze moral
    arguments with greater precision than before." "[A]bsolutely,
    scientifically", "the basis of reason", "deduce codes", "precision". These
    are things we find routinely in physics and chemistry, but not so often in
    ethics. Two more times: "Is it scientifically moral for a society to kill a
    human being?" (p. 184) and "A culture that supports the dominance of social
    values over biological values is an absolutely superior culture to one that
    does not...." (p. 357, Ch. 24) His use of this rhetoric isn't extensive,
    but it is evocative and overbearing. It overshadows all of his moral
    pronouncements and his system.
    >
    > To reformulate everything I've been saying so far, pragmatists are
    Humeans, they think reason the slave of the passions. Pragmatists think
    this because they think you can be a perfectly logical and reasonable and
    intellectual if you are a convinced Nazi, just the same as a convinced
    liberal or conservative or religious fundamentalist. The moral engine is
    not reason, as if you could argue a Nazi down, but passion, getting people
    to feel sorry about the immiseration of other people, jerking their tears at
    the sight of Holocaust victims. Rorty's point is that there is no way to
    answer the Nazi, there is no way to argue with him. The Nazi has different
    moral intuitions. We beg the question over each other when we argue because
    we are using different assumptions. However, while we can't answer the
    Nazi, Rorty urges that we can convert him. This doesn't occur by
    argumentation, it occurs by persuading him with pictures of the atrocities
    he has done, accounts of how the Jewis
    > h family acts and behaves and loves just like the Nazi family, that the
    Nazi shouldn't exclude the Jew from his we-consciousness. Clear thinking
    and reason and rationality are great. But Hume's point is that our clear
    thinking will always be in the service of our passional natures. In other
    words, clear thinking occurs on the model of a 5-step proof and that will
    always be in the service of a final vocabulary.
    >
    > Pirsig's big enemy is the lack of value in science and reason, but what is
    he really doing, what is going on? Pirsig was right, there was nothing to
    stop the Nazi from coopting James' pragmatism, but Pirsig was sorely wrong
    to think that his MoQ was somehow safe from cooptation if it is simply based
    on his new hierarchy for reality. If you abstract away from the concrete,
    away from moral intuitions, you are either easily cooptable (like pragmatism
    and the morally abstract MoQ), or begging the question (like when you fill
    in the abstract with the concrete).
    >
    > So we are led back to our question: does Pirsig want to answer the Nazi?
    I think the answer is still inconclusive. I think given the language he
    uses, it still appears that Pirsig wants to be able to wrestle the Nazi
    down. But can he, can Pirsig, given the tools laid out presently, wrestle
    the Nazi down? No, he cannot. Even if Pirsig wants to create a new
    spiritual rationality, a logical game where the Nazi couldn't possibly win,
    it isn't clear yet that Pirsig is implying that the Nazi is _forced_ to play
    this game, is _compelled_ to play by our logical rules, in our terms. The
    question is still open.
    >
    > To bring this question through one last twist, one last spin of the
    hermeneutical wheel, I will offer the most compelling reason I've found to
    believe that Pirsig thinks that the Nazi should be compelled to play our
    game. It hinges on the acquisition of our moral intuitions and hence, as
    everyone might guess, on Dynamic Quality.
    >
    > Matt
    >
    >
    >
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