MD Gardner on Pragmatism

From: Erin N. (enoonan@kent.edu)
Date: Sat Jan 25 2003 - 23:37:45 GMT

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    JAMES: So the universe has always appeared to the natural mind as a kind of
    enigma, of which the key must be sought in the shape of some illuminating or
    power-bringing word or name. That word names the universe's principle, and
    to possess it is after a fashion to possess the universe itself. 'God,'
    'Matter,' 'Reason,' 'the Absolute,' 'Energy,' are so many solving names.
    You can rest when you have them. You are at the end of your metaphysical
    quest. But if you follow the pragmatic method, you cannot look on any such
    word
    as closing your quest. You must bring out of each word its practical
    cash-value, set it at work within the stream of your experience. It appears
    less as a solution, then, than as a program for more work, and more
    particularly as an indication of the ways in which existing realities may be
    changed.

    ERIN: Okay I am not completely understanding the idea
    that metaphysics suggests once you possess a word
    you are at the end of a quest.
    In thinking about something Campbell said about
    metaphors---"As a result we have people who consider themselves believers
    because they accept metaphors as facts, and we have others who classify
    themselves as atheists because they are lies."

    For some reason this reminds me of this issue.
    It seems like you are a believer if you
    believe the metaphor , Quality is reality,as fact and you are
    an atheist if you believe it is a lie.
    So basically I was wondering if
    absolutist/pragmatic corresponded with
    the fact/lie stance? Not sure if
    its fair to say pragmatic would consider
    it a "lie" though?

    It seems also that Pirsig/metaphysics are
    saying the same as Campbell, which is
    neither a 'fact' or 'lie' stance.

    "God is a metaphor for that which trancends all levels of intellectual
    thought.
    It's as simple as that." Joseph Campbell
    Seems you could also insert love, quality, in place of
    God.
    -----------------------------------
    JC: "No," I said, "I tell you it's metaphorical. You give me an example of a
    metaphor."

    I:He replied, "You give me an example."

    JC: I resisted, "No, I'm asking the question this time." I had not taught
    school for thirty years for nothing. "And I want you to give me an example of
    a metaphor."

    I:The interviewer was utterly baffled and even went so far as to say, "Let’s
    get in touch with some school teacher." Finally, with something like a minute
    and a half to go, he rose to the occasion and said, "I'll try. My friend John
    runs very fast. People say he runs like a deer. There's a metaphor."

    JC:As the last seconds of the interview ticked off, I replied, "That is not
    the metaphor. The metaphor is: John is a deer."

    I:He shot back, "That's a lie."

    JC: "No," I said, "That is a metaphor."And the show ended. What does that
    incident suggest about our common understanding of metaphor?It made me reflect
    that half the people in the world think that the metaphors of their religious
    traditions, for example, are facts. And the other half contends that they are
    not facts at all. As a result we have people who consider themselves believers
    because they accept metaphors as facts, and we have others who classify
    themselves as atheists because they don't.

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